Vanodzima moto vanoshandisa furo rinoita kuti mafirimu apedzisire apera mvura (AFFF) kubatsira kudzima moto unonetsa kurwisa, kunyanya moto unosanganisira petroleum kana zvimwe zvinobvira moto ‚ unozivikanwa semoto weClass B. Zvisinei, haasi mafuro ese anodzima moto anoiswa muchikamu cheAFFF.

Mamwe maAFFF formulations ane mhando yemakemikoro anozivikanwa semakemikari eperfluoro (PFCs)uye izvi zvakonzera kushushikana pamusoro pemukana wekutikusvibiswa kwemvura yepasimanyuko kubva mukushandiswa kwemishonga yeAFFF ine maPFC.

Muna Chivabvu 2000,Kambani ye3Myakati haizogadziri PFOS (perfluorooctanesulphonate)-based flurosurfactants ichishandisa nzira ye electrochemical flouorination. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, maPFC ainyanya kushandiswa mumafuta ekudzivirira moto aive PFOS nezvimwe zvinobva mairi.

AFFF inodzima moto wemafuta nekukurumidza, asi ine PFAS, iyo inomiririra zvinhu zve per- uye polyfluoroalkyl. Kusvibiswa kwePFAS kunobva mukushandiswa kwefuro rekudzimisa moto. (Mufananidzo/Joint Base San Antonio)

NYAYA DZAKAFANANA NADZO

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Mumakore mashoma apfuura, indasitiri yefoam yekudzima moto yakabva paPFOS nezvimwe zvinobva mairi nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemutemo. Vagadziri ivavo vakagadzira uye vakaunza kumusika foam yekudzima moto isingashandise fluorochemicals, kureva kuti, isina fluorine.

Vagadziri vemafuro asina fluorine vanoti mafuro aya haana simba rakawanda panharaunda uye anosangana nemvumo yepasi rose yezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira moto uye zvinotarisirwa nevashandisi vekupedzisira. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuchine kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza nezvemafuro ekudzivirira moto uye tsvakiridzo pamusoro penyaya iyi iri kuenderera mberi.

UNE SHUWARO PAMUSORO PEKUSHANDISA ZVINHU ZVAKAIPA?

Nyaya dziri kutaurwa pamusoro pekukanganisa kunogona kuitika nharaunda kubva mukuburitswa kwemvura inonyungudutsa (kusanganiswa kwemvura nefoam concentrate). Dambudziko guru ndere chepfu, kuora kwemvura, kugara kwenguva refu, kurapwa kwemvura yakasviba uye kudya kunovaka muviri muvhu. Zvese izvi zvinokonzera kunetseka kana furo rikasvika.masisitimu emvura echisikigo kana epamba.

Kana AFFF ine PFC ikashandiswa kakawanda panzvimbo imwe kwenguva yakareba, maPFC anogona kufamba kubva mufuro kuenda muvhu obva apinda mumvura yepasi. Huwandu hwePFC hunopinda mumvura yepasi hunoenderana nerudzi uye huwandu hweAFFF hwakashandiswa, kwayakashandiswa, rudzi rwevhu nezvimwe zvinhu.

Kana matsime epachivande kana everuzhinji ari pedyo, anogona kunge akakanganiswa nePFC kubva panzvimbo yakashandiswa AFFF. Heino tarisiro yezvakaburitswa neDhipatimendi reHutano reMinnesota; ndeimwe yematunhu akati wandei.kuyedzwa kwekusvibiswa.

"Muna 2008-2011, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) yakaedza ivhu, mvura yepamusoro, mvura yepasi pevhu, uye madhaka panzvimbo gumi nenhatu dzeAFFF dziri pedyo nedunhu rese. Vakaona huwandu hwakawanda hwePFC pane dzimwe nzvimbo, asi kazhinji kusvibiswa kwacho hakuna kukanganisa nzvimbo yakakura kana kuisa njodzi kuvanhu kana nharaunda. Nzvimbo nhatu - Duluth Air National Guard Base, Bemidji Airport, neWestern Area Fire Training Academy - dzakaonekwa uko PFC dzakanga dzapararira zvakanyanya zvekuti Minnesota Department of Health neMPCA vakasarudza kuyedza matsime ekugara ari pedyo.

"Izvi zvinowanzoitika pedyo nenzvimbo uko AFFF ine PFC yagara ichishandiswa, zvakaita senzvimbo dzekudzidzira moto, nhandare dzendege, nzvimbo dzekuchenesera, uye nzvimbo dzemakemikari. Hazviwanzoitika kubva pakushandiswa kweAFFF kamwe chete kurwisa moto, kunze kwekunge huwandu hwakawanda hweAFFF hwashandiswa. Kunyangwe zvimwe zvinodzima moto zvinotakurika zvingashandisa AFFF ine PFC, kushandiswa kamwe chete kwehuwandu hushoma hwakadaro hakuzove nengozi kumvura yepasi pevhu."

KUBUDISWA KWEFURO

Kuburitswa kwemushonga wefuro/mvura kunogona kunge kuri mugumisiro weimwe kana kupfuura yezviitiko zvinotevera:

• Kudzima moto nemaoko kana kuisa mafuta mufiriji;
• Kudzidzira apo furo riri kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu;
• Masisitimu emidziyo yefuro uye bvunzo dzemotokari; kana
• Kuburitswa kwesystem yakagadziriswa.

Nzvimbo dzingangodaro dzichiitika chimwe kana zvimwe zvezviitiko izvi dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzendege nenzvimbo dzekudzidzira vanodzima moto. Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzine njodzi, dzakadai sedzimba dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvinobvira moto/zvine njodzi, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mvura dzinobvira moto dzakawanda uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera marara ane njodzi, dziripowo pane rondedzero yacho.

Zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuunganidza mvura ine furo mushure mekushandiswa kwayo pakurwisa moto. Kunze kwechikamu chefuro pacharo, furo racho rinogona kunge rakasvibiswa nemafuta kana mafuta ari mumoto. Chiitiko chenguva dzose chezvinhu zvine njodzi chaitika.

Nzira dzekushandisa nemaoko kudzivirira mvura inodonha iine njodzi dzinofanira kushandiswa kana mamiriro ekunze nevashandi zvichibvumira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvharira madhireni emvura kuti furo/mvura yakasvibiswa isapinde muhurongwa hwemvura yakasviba kana nharaunda isina kudzorwa.

Maitiro ekudzivirira akadai sekupwanya madhamu, kuchera nekutsausa anofanirwa kushandiswa kuti mvura/mushonga wefuro uendeswe kunzvimbo yakakodzera kuvharirwa kusvika wabviswa nemunhu anochenesa zvinhu zvine njodzi.

KUDZIDZISA NEFURO

Kune mafoam ekudzidzisa akagadzirwa zvakananga kubva kuvagadziri vazhinji vefoam anotevedzera AFFF panguva yekudzidzira iri mhenyu, asi haana flourosurfactants senge PFC. Mafoam aya ekudzidzisa anowanzo ora uye haana simba rakawanda rekuchengetedza nharaunda; anogonawo kutumirwa zvakachengeteka kufekitori yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba yemunharaunda kuti igadziriswe.

Kusavapo kweflourosurfactants mutraining foam zvinoreva kuti furo idzodzo hadzina simba rakawanda rekudzivirira kupisa. Semuenzaniso, training foam ichapa chidziviriro chekutanga cheutsi mumoto unobvira zvinozoita kuti udzime, asi jira reutsi iroro richakurumidza kuparara.

Izvozvo zvakanaka kubva pakuona kwemurairidzi sezvo zvichireva kuti munogona kuita mamwe maitiro ekudzidzisa nekuti imi nevadzidzi venyu hamusi kumirira kuti simulator yekudzidzisa igadzirire zvakare.

Zviitwa zvekudzidzisa, kunyanya izvo zvinoshandisa furo chaiyo yakapedzwa, zvinofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvekuunganidza furo rakapedzwa. Zvishoma, nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa moto dzinofanira kunge dziine mukana wekuunganidza furo rinoshandiswa muzvidzidzo zvekurasira mvura yakasviba kunzvimbo yekuchenesa mvura.

Vasati vabuda mumvura, nzvimbo yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba inofanira kuziviswa uye mvumo yekupa dhipatimendi remoto kuti mumiririri asunungurwe pamutengo wakatarwa.

Zvechokwadi budiriro muhurongwa hwe induction systems yeClass A foam (uye pamwe agent chemistry) icharamba ichifambira mberi sezvayakaita mumakore gumi apfuura. Asi nezve Class B foam concentrates, kuedza kwe agent chemistry kugadzira agent chemistry kunoita sekunge kwakamira kwenguva yakareba nekuda kwekushandisa matekinoroji aripo.

Kubva pakatangwa mitemo yezvakatipoteredza mumakore gumi apfuura kana zvichikwira pamusoro peAFFFs dzine fluorine, vagadziri vefoam yekudzimisa moto ndivo vakatora dambudziko iri zvakakomba. Zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa izvi zvisina fluorine ndezvechizvarwa chekutanga uye zvimwe zvechizvarwa chechipiri kana chechitatu.

Vacharamba vachichinja-chinja mumakemikari emushonga uye mashandiro ekudzima moto nechinangwa chekuwana kushanda kwepamusoro pazvinwiwa zvinobvira moto uye zvinobvira, kuwedzera kusimba kwekupisa kwemuchina wekudzivirira moto uye kupa makore akawanda ekugara kwenguva refu pamusoro pemafuro anobva mumapuroteni.