Moto Hose Coupling Standards: Kuvimbisa Kuenderana Kwepasirese

Moto hosecoupling zviyero zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuenderana mumasisitimu ekudzima moto pasi rese. Yakamisikidzwa couplings inosimudzira kudzima moto nekubvumira isina musono kubatana pakati pehosi nemidziyo. Ivo zvakare vanovandudza kuchengetedzeka panguva dzenjodzi uye kukurudzira kubatana kwenyika. Vagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory vanobatsira pakuedza uku nekugadzira yakavimbika.moto hose reelmasisitimu, hose reel makabati, uyemoto hose reel & cabinetmhinduro dzinoenderana nezviyero zvepasi rose.

Key Takeaways

  • Moto hosekubatanidza mitemoita shuwa kuti mahosi anobatana pasi rese. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza vanhu uye nekumhanyisa basa panguva dzenjodzi.
  • Kuzivakusiyana kwemhando dzehosiuye tambo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakakosha pakudzima moto kune dzimwe nyika.
  • Kushandisa mitemo yakajairwa seNFPA 1963 uye kutenga ma adapter kunogona kubatsira zvikwata zvemoto kugadzirisa matambudziko akakodzera uye kuita nekukurumidza.

Kunzwisisa Fire Hose Coupling Standards

Chii chinonzi Fire Hose Coupling Standards?

Moto hose coupling standards inotsanangura zvakatemwa zvekubatanidza hose kune midziyo yekudzima moto. Aya mazinga anovimbisa kuenderana pakati pemasystem akasiyana, zvichiita kuti vanodzima moto vashande nemazvo panguva dzenjodzi. Vanovhara zvinhu zvakaita semhando dzeshinda, zviyero, uye zvinhu, izvo zvinosiyana munzvimbo dzese. Somuenzaniso, theBS336 Kubatana kwepakarepoinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muUK neIreland, nepo Bogdan Coupler inowanikwa muRussia.

Coupling Type Hunhu Mitemo/Kushandiswa
BS336 Pakarepo Zvakafanana necamlock fittings, inowanikwa mu1+1⁄2-inch uye 2+1⁄2-inch saizi. Inoshandiswa neUK, Irish, New Zealand, Indian, uye Hong Kong fire brigades.
Bogdan Coupler Kubatana kusina bonde, kunowanikwa muhukuru DN 25 kusvika DN 150. Inotsanangurwa neGOST R 53279-2009, inoshandiswa muRussia.
Guillemin Coupling Symmetrical, quarter-turn kuvhara, inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. Standard EN14420-8/NF E 29-572, inoshandiswa muFrance neBelgium.
National Hose Thread Inowanikwa muUS, inoratidzira tambo dzechirume nedzechikadzi dzakatwasuka dzine gasket seal. Inozivikanwa seNational Standard Thread (NST).

Iyi miyero inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti hose dzemoto dzinogona kuendeswa nekukurumidza uye zvakachengeteka, zvisinei nedunhu kana midziyo inoshandiswa.

Basa reMatanho muKudzima Moto Kuchengetedzeka uye Kubudirira

Moto hose coupling zviyero zvinowedzera kuchengeteka uye kushanda zvakanaka panguva yekudzima moto. Ivo vanodzivirira kuvuza uye vanova nechokwadi chekubatanidza kwakasimba, kuderedza njodzi yekutadza kwemidziyo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.ISO 7241, semuenzaniso, inovimbisa kuenderana uye kusimba, kufambisa kukurumidza kutumirwa kwehosi dzemoto.

Aspect Tsanangudzo
Standard ISO 7241
Basa Inovimbisa kuenderana uye kusimba kwemoto hose couplings
Benefits Inofambisa kukurumidza kutumira uye inodzivirira kuvuza panguva yekudzima moto

Nekuomerera kune aya zviyero, vagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory vanobatsira mukuedza kwepasi rose kudzima moto. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika dzese, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kuenderana kune akasiyana masisitimu.

Mhando dzeMoto Hose Couplings

Mhando dzeMoto Hose Couplings

Kubatanidzwa kweThreaded uye Kusiyanisa Kwavo Kwematunhu

Treaded couplings ndeimwe yemhando dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumasitimu ekudzima moto. Aya mabatanidzwa anovimba netambo dzechirume nedzechikadzi kugadzira hukama hwakachengeteka pakati pehosi nemidziyo. Nekudaro, misiyano yedunhu mune tambo zviyero zvinogona kuunza matambudziko ekuenderana. Semuenzaniso, iyo National Pipe Thread (NPT) inowanzo shandiswa mune zvakajairika maapplication, nesaizi kubva 4 kusvika 6 inches. Iyo National Standard Thread (NST), imwe yakakurumbira sarudzo, inowanzoita 2.5 inches muhukuru. MuNew York neNew Jersey, zviyero zvakasarudzika senge New York Corporate Thread (NYC) neNew York Fire department Thread (NYFD/FDNY) zvakapararira.

Nharaunda/Standard Coupling Type Size
General National Pipe Thread (NPT) 4" kana 6"
General National Standard Thread (NST) 2.5"
New York / New Jersey New York Corporate Thread (NYC) Inosiyana
New York City New York Fire Dhipatimendi Thread (NYFD/FDNY) 3″

Misiyano iyi inosimbisa kukosha kwekunzwisisa zviyero zvedunhu kana uchisarudza kubatanidza hose hose yekushanda kwenyika dzese.

Storz Couplings: A Global Standard

Storz couplings vakawana kugamuchirwa kwakapararira seyero yepasirese nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika dhizaini uye kuita zvakasiyana. Kusiyana neshinda dzakabatanidzwa, Storz couplings inoratidzira symmetrical, isina-kuvhara-kudzima dhizaini inobvumira kukurumidza uye kuchinjika kunamatira mune chero nzira. Kugona uku kunoratidza kukosha panguva dzekukurumidzira, uko sekondi yega yega yakakosha.

  1. Storz couplings inogona kubatanidzwa mune chero nzira, kurerutsa kushandiswa kwavo mumamiriro ezvinhu epamusoro-soro.
  2. Kusununguka kwavo kwekuungana uye disassembly kunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakasarudzika yevanodzima moto pasi rese.

Aya maficha anoita Storz couplings chinhu chakakosha mumasitimu emazuva ano ekudzima moto.

Dzimwe Dzakajairwa Kubatanidza Mhando muKudzima Moto

Kuwedzera kune yakarukwa uye Storz couplings, akati wandei mamwe marudzi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzima moto. Guillemin couplings, semuenzaniso, inozivikanwa muFrance neBelgium. Aya ma symmetrical couplings anoshandisa quarter-turn mechanism yekubatanidza kwakachengeteka. Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye BS336 Instantaneous coupling, iyo yakawanda muUK neIreland. Yayo camlock-maitiro dhizaini inovimbisa kukurumidza uye yakavimbika yekunamatira.

Mhando yega yega yekubatanidza inoshandira chaiyo yedunhu kana yekushanda zvinodiwa, ichisimbisa kukosha kwekusarudza kwakaringana coupling yebasa racho. Vagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory vanoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira emhando yepamusoro couplings inosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana izvi, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kuvimbika mumasisitimu epasi rose ekudzima moto.

Zvinetso muGlobal Compatibility yeMoto Hose Couplings

Dunhu Remisiyano muMitemo uye Nekutsanangurwa

Moto hose coupling zviyero zvinosiyana zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzese, zvichigadzira matambudziko ekuenderana kwepasirese. Nyika dzinowanzo gadzira zvadzo zvakatemwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekudzima moto munharaunda, zvivakwa, uye maitiro enhoroondo. Semuenzaniso, BS336 Instantaneous coupling inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muUK, nepo National Standard Thread (NST) ichitonga muUnited States. Zvido zvedunhu izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuti madhipatimendi emoto abatane pasi rose kana kugovana midziyo panguva yenjodzi.

Cherechedza:Misiyano yedunhu muzviyero inogona kukanganisa kuedza kudzima moto kuyambuka, kunyanya panguva dzenjodzi huru dzinoda rubatsiro rwepasi rose.

Vagadziri vanofanirwa kufambisa iyi misiyano kuti vagadzire mapombi anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana. Mamwe makambani, akadai seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory, anogadzirisa nyaya iyi nekupa zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvakawanda. Maitiro avo anovimbisa kuti hose dzemoto dzinogona kuiswa zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzichikurudzira kushanda kwepasi rose.

Kusiyana kweTread Types uye Dimensions

Mhando dzeshinda uye hukuru zvinomiririra chimwe chipingamupinyi chikuru mukugarisana kwepasirese. Moto hose couplings inotsamira pane chaiyo tambo kugadzira yakachengeteka yekubatanidza, asi idzi tambo dzinosiyana zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzese. Semuyenzaniso:

  • National Pipe Thread (NPT):Inowanikwa mune zvakajairika maapplication, inoratidzira tapered shinda dzekuvharira chisimbiso.
  • National Standard Thread (NST):Inoshandiswa mukudzima moto, ine tambo dzakatwasuka uye gasket sealing.
  • New York Fire Department Thread (NYFD):Yakasarudzika kuNew York City, inoda nyanzvi adapta.
Thread Type Hunhu Nzvimbo Dzakashandiswa Kushandiswa
NPT Tapered threads for tight sealing General application pasi rese
NST Shinda dzakatwasuka dzine gasket sealing Nyika dzakabatana
NYFD Specialized tambo dze NYC firefighting New York City

Misiyano iyi inoomesa mashandiro emidziyo. Madhipatimendi emoto anowanzo vimba nemaadapter kuti avhare mukaha pakati peshinda dzisingaenderani, asi izvi zvinowedzera nguva nekuoma mukati menjodzi. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kukoshesa huinjiniya hwechokwadi kuti vaone kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinosangana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeshinda.

Material and Durability Standards Mumatunhu ese

Material and durability standards for fire hose couplings anosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye kushanda zvinodiwa. Mumatunhu ane tembiricha yakanyanyisa kana humidity yakanyanya, ma couplings anofanirwa kutsungirira mamiriro akaomarara pasina kukanganisa kuita. Semuyenzaniso:

  • Europe:Couplings dzinowanzo shandisa forged aruminiyamu yekureruka kusimba.
  • Asia:Simbi isina tsvina inofarirwa nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwayo munzvimbo dzine hunyoro.
  • North America:Brass couplings zvakajairika nekuda kwesimba ravo uye kuvimbika.
Dunhu Zvaanofarira Key Benefits
Europe Forged Aluminium Yakareruka uye yakasimba
Asia Simbi isina ngura Corrosion-resistant
North America Brass Yakasimba uye yakavimbika

Izvi zvinofarirwa nezvinhu zvinoratidza zvinokosheswa nedunhu asi zvinoomesera kusimudzira kwepasirese. Vagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory vanogadzirisa dambudziko iri nekushandisa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvinosangana nekusimba kwepasi rose. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinovimbisa kuita kwakavimbika munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, zvichitsigira kuedza kwepasi rose kudzima moto.

Mhinduro dzekuzadzisa Global Compatibility

Kugamuchirwa kweUniversal Standards seNFPA 1963

Zviyero zvepasi rose, zvakaita seNFPA 1963, zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuwana kuenderana kwepasirese kwemapombi emoto. Aya mazinga anogadza yunifomu maratidziro eshinda, zviyero, uye zvigadzirwa, kuve nechokwadi chekudyidzana pakati pemasisitimu ekudzima moto pasi rese. Nekuomerera kune iyi nhungamiro, vagadziri vanogona kuburitsa kubatanidzwa kunoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika dzese, kuderedza njodzi yekusawirirana panguva yekukurumidzira.

NFPA 1963, semuenzaniso, inopa yakadzama zvirevo zvehose hose yekubatanidza moto, kusanganisira mhando dzeshinda uye gasket dhizaini. Iyi chiyero inovimbisa kuti ma couplings anobva kumatunhu akasiyana anogona kubatana zvakachengeteka, achifambisa mashandiro ekudzimisa moto. Vagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory vanogadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvavo nemaitiro epasi rose, zvichibatsira mukuedza kwepasi rose kudzima moto.

Kushandiswa kweAdhapter uye Shanduko Zvishandiso

Adapter uye maturusi ekushandura anopa mhinduro dzinoshanda kumatambudziko ekuenderana mumasitimu ekudzima moto. Midziyo iyi inovhara mukaha uripo pakati pekubatanidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzeshinda kana zviyero, zvichiita kuti vanodzima moto vabatanidze hose nemidziyo zvisina musono.

Chiitiko cheOakland Hills Fire muna 1991 chinosimbisa kukosha kwemaadapter. Vanodzima moto vakasangana nema hydrants ne3-inch yekubatanidza panzvimbo yeiyo yakajairwa 2 1/2-inch saizi. Kusawirirana uku kwakanonotsa mhinduro yavo, zvichiita kuti moto upararire nekukasira. Maadapter akakodzera angadai akadzikisa nyaya iyi, achisimbisa basa ravo rakakosha mukudzima moto.

  • Mabhenefiti Akakosha eAdhapter uye Maturusi ekushandura:
    • Bvumira kuenderana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza.
    • Deredza nguva dzekupindura panguva dzenjodzi.
    • Wedzera kuchinjika kwekushanda kwemadhipatimendi emoto.

Nekudyara mumadhipatimendi emhando yepamusoro, madhipatimendi emoto anogona kukunda misiyano yedunhu muzviyero uye kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirira chero mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kukurudzira Kudyidzana Kwenyika Dzose Pakati PeVagadziri

Kudyidzana pakati pevagadziri kwakakosha pakusimudzira kuenderana kwepasirese mumasitimu emoto hose. Nekugovana ruzivo nezviwanikwa, makambani anogona kugadzira zvigadziriso zvinogadzirisa mutsauko wedunhu muzviyero. Kuedza pamwe chete kunokurudzira kugamuchirwa kwemitemo yepasirese, seNFPA 1963, muindasitiri yese.

Vagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory vanoratidza nzira iyi. Kuzvipira kwavo kugadzira macouplings anosangana nemhando dzakasiyana dzepasirese kunoratidza kugona kwekuedza kwekubatana. Kudyidzana pakati pevagadziri, masangano anodzora, uye madhipatimendi emoto anogona kuwedzera kuenderana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti hurongwa hwekudzimisa moto hunoramba huchishanda munzvimbo ipi neipi.

Zano: Madhipatimendi emoto anofanirwa kukoshesa kushanda nevagadziri vanotora chikamu muzvirongwa zvepasi rose. Izvi zvinogonesa kuwana yakavimbika uye inoenderana michina.

Nyaya Yokudzidza: Storz Couplings muMoto Hose Systems

Nyaya Yokudzidza: Storz Couplings muMoto Hose Systems

Dhizaini Zvimiro zveStorz Couplings

Storz couplings inozivikanwa nekugadzira kwayo kwakasimba uye kushanda nesimba. Yavo symmetrical, isina bonde kuvakwa kunobvumira kukurumidza uye kwakachengeteka kubatana pasina chikonzero chekuenzanisa magumo echirume neechikadzi. Ichi chiitiko chinoderedza zvakanyanya nguva dzekupindura panguva dzenjodzi. Mainjiniya akaongorora iyo isothermal modhi yeStorz couplings kuti vaone mashandiro avo pasi pemamiriro akasiyana.

Aspect Details
Model Isothermal modhi yeStorz coupling inoshandiswa mumoto hose coupling
Diameter Zita dhayamita re65 mm (NEN 3374)
Load Interval Kubva paF=2 kN (mvura chaiyo) kusvika kune yakanyanyisa mamiriro ane F=6 kN
Material Aluminium alloy EN AW6082 (AlSi1MgMn), kurapwa T6
Analysis Focus Kushushikana uye kugovewa kwekutambudzika, yakanyanya von Mises stress
Application Kuvandudzwa kwekuita mukudzima moto, kunyanya masisitimu emugungwa

Iko kushandiswa kwepamusoro-simba aluminium alloy inovimbisa kusimba uchichengetedza chimiro chakareruka. Aya maficha anoita Storz couplings sarudzo yakavimbika yemazuva ano ekudzima moto.

Global Adoption uye Compatibility Benefits

Kutorwa kwepasirese kweStorz couplings kunosimbisa mabhenefiti avo ekuenderana. Vanodzima moto pasi rose vanokoshesa yavokukurumidza-kubatanidza dhizaini, iyo inogonesa kubatana kwehosi mumasekonzi mashoma mashanu. Tsika dzechinyakare dzinowanzotora anopfuura masekonzi makumi matatu, zvichiita kuti Storz ibatanidzwe shanduko-mutambo muzviitiko zvinobata nguva.

  • Mabhenefiti Akakosha eGlobal Adoption:
    • Inokurumidza kupindura nguva panguva dzenjodzi.
    • Kudzidziswa kwakareruka kwevanodzima moto nekuda kwedhizaini yepasirese.
    • Kudyidzana kwakawedzerwa pakati pezvikwata zvepasi rose zvinodzima moto.

Kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira muEurope, Asia, neNorth America kunoratidza kugona kwavo uye kugona kwavo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.

Zvidzidzo zveKumira kubva kuStorz Couplings

Kubudirira kweStorz couplings kunopa zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvekumisikidza mumidziyo yekudzima moto. Dhizaini yavo yepasirese inobvisa kudiwa kweadapter, kuderedza kuoma panguva yekukurumidzira. Vagadziri vanogona kutora kurudziro kubva kune iyi nzira yekugadzira imwezvakaenzana zvikamu.

Storz couplings zvakare inosimbisa kukosha kwemhando yezvinhu uye kusimba. Nekuomerera kune zvakatemwa zvakatemwa, vanova nechokwadi chekushanda kwakafanana mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Kuzvipira uku kumhando kunoshanda sechiyereso chezvitsva zveramangwana mumagadzirirwo emoto hose.

Mazano Anoshanda eMoto Dhipatimendi paMoto Hose Kuenderana

Kusarudza Kurudyi Kwemoto Hose Couplings

Kusarudza zvakakodzera hose hose couplings kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadikushanda zvakanakauye kuchengeteka. Madhipatimendi emoto anofanirwa kuongorora kuenderana kwekubatanidza nemidziyo yavo iripo uye zviyero zvedunhu. Semuyenzaniso, madhipatimendi anoshanda muUnited States anogona kuisa pamberi peNational Standard Thread (NST) couplings, nepo iwo ari muEurope angada maStorz makubatanidza kune dhizaini yavo yepasirese. Uyezve, zvinhu zvekubatanidza zvinotora basa rinokosha. Aluminium haina huremu uye yakasimba, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kukurumidza kutumirwa, nepo brass ichipa simba repamusoro rekushandisa-kudzvanywa kwepamusoro. Madhipatimendi anofanirwawo kufunga nezve saizi uye mhando yeshinda kuti ave nechokwadi chekubatanidza pasina musono panguva dzenjodzi.

Kugara Kuchengetedza uye Kuongorora Maitiro

Kuchengetedza nguva dzose uye kuongororwa kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuvimbika kwekubatanidzwa kwemoto hose. Mapazi emoto anofanirwa kuita hurongwa hwekuongorora hwakarongeka kuti vaone zvingangoitika zvisati zvawedzera.

Inspection Criteria Tsanangudzo
Zvisina kuvhiringidzwa Ita shuwa kuti valve hose haina kuvharwa nechero zvinhu.
Caps uye Gaskets Tarisa uone kuti zvese zvivharo uye gaskets zviri munzvimbo chaiyo.
Kukanganisa Kwekubatanidza Tarisa uone kukanganisa kupi zvako pakubatanidza.
Valve Handle Ongorora mubato wevharuvhu kuona chero zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa.
Leakage Ita shuwa kuti valve haina kudonha.
Pressure Device Simbisa kuti mudziyo wekudzivirira-kumanikidza uri panzvimbo.

Madhipatimendi anofanirwawo kumanikidza hose kusvika kumazinga akatemerwa, kuchengetedza kudzvanywa kwenguva yakatarwa, uye kutarisa kune inovuza kana mabulges. Kunyora bvunzo idzi kunovimbisa kuzvidavirira uye kunobatsira kutarisa mamiriro emidziyo nekufamba kwenguva.

Kudzidzisa Vanodzima Moto paKubatanidza Kushandisa uye Kuenderana

Kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kunoshongedza vanodzima moto nehunyanzvi hunodiwa kubata mhando dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza zvinobudirira. Madhipatimendi anofanirwa kuita misangano yenguva dzose kuti vajairane nevashandi nekushanda kweakabatana akasiyana, senge akarukwa uye Storz dhizaini. Kudzidzira kunofanirawo kusimbisa kukosha kwekuongorora ma-couplings ekukuvara uye kuona kuenderana nemimwe michina. Mamiriro ekukurumidzira akateedzerwa anogona kubatsira vanodzima moto kudzidzira kubatanidza hose pasi pekumanikidzwa, vachivandudza nguva yavo yekupindura panguva yezviitiko chaizvo. Kuburikidza nekudyara mukudzidziswa kwakadzama, madhipatimendi emoto anogona kuwedzera kugadzirira kwawo uye kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa kunobudirira kwemapombi emoto.


Moto hose coupling zviyero zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuenderana kwepasirese. Ivo vanosimudzira chengetedzo, vanovandudza mashandiro ekushanda, uye vanogonesa kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese. Kumira kunorerutsa kushandiswa kwemidziyo, kuderedza kunonoka panguva yenjodzi. Vagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory vanopa zvakanyanya nekugadzira-yemhando yepamusoro, yepasi rose inowirirana mhinduro dzinosangana nezvinodiwa dunhu zvakasiyana.

FAQ

Ndeapi maitiro akajairika emoto hose coupling zviyero pasi rese?

Miyero inonyanyozivikanwa inosanganisira BS336 (UK), NST (US), uye Storz (pasi rose). Imwe neimwe chiyero inovimbisa kuenderana uye kuchengetedzeka kwemabasa ekudzima moto mudunhu rayo.


Madhipatimendi emoto angave sei nechokwadi chekuenderana nezvikwata zvepasi rose zvinodzima moto?

Madhipatimendi emoto anogona kushandisa madhipatimendi, kutevera zviyero zvepasirese seNFPA 1963, uye kudzidzisa vashandi pakubatanidza misiyano kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana kusina musono panguva dzenjodzi dzepasirese.

Zano: Kudyidzana nevagadziri vakaita seYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory inovimbisa kuwanikwa kwemidziyo inoenderana nepasi rose.


Sei Storz couplings ichionekwa sechiyero chepasirese?

Storz couplingsine symmetrical dhizaini, inogonesa kukurumidza kubatana pasina kurongeka. Kugara kwavo uye kureruka kwekushandisa kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekudzima moto pasi rese.


Nguva yekutumira: May-24-2025